Legislative, Judiciary, and Executive: NCERT Solution, Working of Institutions, Class 9 SST

The Indian Constitution establishes three main organs of the government: the legislative, the judiciary, and the executive. These organs work together to ensure the smooth functioning of the democratic system in India.

1. Legislative:
The legislative branch of the government is responsible for making laws. It consists of two houses, namely the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people, while members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies.

The primary functions of the legislative branch are as follows:
- Making laws: The Parliament has the authority to make and amend laws on various subjects.
- Representation: The members of Parliament represent the interests and concerns of the people.
- Financial Control: The Parliament approves the government's budget and controls public expenditure.
- Oversight: It ensures that the executive is accountable to the people by scrutinizing its actions and policies.

2. Judiciary:
The judiciary is responsible for interpreting and implementing laws. It consists of various courts, with the Supreme Court being the apex body. The judges are appointed by the President of India.

The key functions of the judiciary include:
- Interpretation of laws: The judiciary interprets the laws passed by the legislature and ensures their proper implementation.
- Dispute resolution: It resolves conflicts and disputes between individuals, organizations, or the government.
- Protection of rights: The judiciary safeguards the fundamental rights of the citizens and ensures their enforcement.
- Judicial review: It has the power to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches to ensure their conformity with the Constitution.

3. Executive:
The executive branch of the government is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws. It consists of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers.

The main functions of the executive branch are as follows:
- Policy implementation: It implements and executes the laws and policies formulated by the legislature.
- Administration: The executive branch manages the day-to-day affairs of the government and various government departments.
- Diplomacy: It represents the country on the international stage and conducts diplomatic relations with other nations.
- Law and order maintenance: The executive ensures the maintenance of law and order and protects the citizens.

Conclusion:
The legislative, judiciary, and executive organs of the government work in tandem to ensure the smooth functioning of the democratic system in India. The legislative branch makes laws, the judiciary interprets and implements them, and the executive enforces them. This separation of powers ensures a system of checks and balances, preventing any one organ from becoming too powerful.