A member of a Tamil caste of the highest Sudra rank whose members are numerous in Madras and consist chiefly of landowners and cultivators.

Introduction:
The Vellalars were a prominent social group in ancient South India. They were an agricultural community and played a significant role in the development of the region. The term "Vellalar" is derived from the Tamil word "Vellam," which means floods or fertile land. They were primarily involved in farming and land cultivation.

Origin and Social Status:
The Vellalars were considered higher in the social hierarchy and enjoyed a higher status than many other communities in ancient South India. They were part of the Kshatriya varna, the second highest varna according to the traditional Hindu caste system. Their status was mainly based on their occupation as agriculturists and landowners.

Occupation and Agricultural Practices:
The Vellalars were primarily involved in agriculture and owned extensive agricultural lands. They were skilled in various farming practices, including irrigation, cultivation of crops, and animal husbandry. They used advanced techniques like plowing, sowing seeds, and harvesting. They played a crucial role in the development of agriculture and the economy of the region.

Role in Society:
The Vellalars held influential positions in ancient South Indian society. They were respected for their knowledge and expertise in farming. They were also involved in local administration and held positions of authority. The Vellalars were often the village headmen and played a significant role in maintaining law and order within their communities.

Religion and Cultural Practices:
The Vellalars were predominantly followers of Hinduism. They had their unique traditions, rituals, and customs. They constructed and maintained temples and performed religious ceremonies. They also patronized art forms like music, dance, and literature. Many famous poets and scholars of ancient Tamil literature were from the Vellalar community.

Conclusion:
The Vellalars were a significant social group in ancient South India, known for their agricultural practices, social status, and contributions to society. They played a vital role in the development of the region and were respected for their knowledge and expertise in farming. Their influence extended beyond agriculture to areas like administration and cultural patronage, making them an integral part of ancient South Indian society.

Vellar are the Tamil land owners of ancient India.