Fold mountains are formed due to movement in earth's crust.
There two types - young fold mountains and old fold mountains

Fold mountains are a type of mountain formation that occur when two tectonic plates collide. These mountains are characterized by their long, linear shape and are found in many parts of the world. In this article, we will discuss the formation and characteristics of fold mountains in detail.

Formation:
Fold mountains are formed through a process called orogeny, which refers to the deformation of the Earth's crust due to tectonic plate movements. When two continental plates collide, neither plate can be subducted under the other because both plates have similar densities. Instead, the edges of the plates are pushed upwards, creating fold mountains.

Characteristics:
1. Linear Shape: Fold mountains have a long, linear shape that stretches for hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. Examples of fold mountains include the Himalayas in Asia, the Andes in South America, and the Alps in Europe.

2. Folded Structure: The rocks in fold mountains are folded and contorted due to the immense pressure exerted during the collision of tectonic plates. These folds can be classified into two main types: anticlines and synclines. Anticlines are upward folds or arches, while synclines are downward folds or troughs.

3. Uplifted Peaks: Fold mountains are characterized by high peaks and steep slopes. The highest peaks in the world, such as Mount Everest and K2, are found in the fold mountains of the Himalayas.

4. Folded Strata: Fold mountains often display layers of different types of rocks that have been uplifted and folded. These layers, known as strata, provide valuable information about the geological history of the Earth.

5. Volcanic Activity: Some fold mountains are associated with volcanic activity. As the tectonic plates collide, magma can be forced to the surface, leading to the formation of volcanoes. The Andes, for example, are known for their volcanic peaks.

6. Rich Biodiversity: Fold mountains are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. The varied climate and topography of these mountains provide unique habitats for numerous species, making them biodiversity hotspots.

Conclusion:
Fold mountains are an important landform on Earth, formed through the collision of tectonic plates. They exhibit distinctive characteristics such as their linear shape, folded structure, uplifted peaks, and folded strata. Understanding the formation and characteristics of fold mountains helps us comprehend the dynamic processes that shape our planet's surface.