Calculation of Spermatozoa Formation:

To determine the number of spermatozoa formed from 64 spermatocytes, we need to understand the process of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatogonial stem cells in the testes divide and differentiate into mature sperm cells called spermatozoa. It involves several stages that result in the production of four functional sperm cells from each spermatocyte.

Process of Spermatogenesis:

1. Spermatogonium: Spermatogenesis begins with diploid spermatogonial stem cells, which undergo mitotic division to produce primary spermatocytes. These primary spermatocytes contain 46 chromosomes, comprising 23 pairs.

2. Meiosis I: Each primary spermatocyte undergoes the first meiotic division or meiosis I, resulting in the formation of two secondary spermatocytes. Meiosis I is a reduction division where the chromosome number is halved.

3. Meiosis II: Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes the second meiotic division or meiosis II, resulting in the formation of four haploid spermatids. Meiosis II is similar to a mitotic division, resulting in the separation of sister chromatids.

4. Spermiogenesis: Spermatids undergo a process called spermiogenesis, during which they differentiate and mature into spermatozoa. This involves the development of a head, midpiece, and tail.

5. Spermatozoa Formation: Finally, each spermatid matures into a spermatozoon or sperm cell. This process involves the formation of the acrosome, condensation of the nucleus, development of mitochondria for energy production, and the elongation of the tail.

Calculation:

From the given 64 spermatocytes, we can determine the number of spermatozoa formed by following these steps:

1. Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to form two secondary spermatocytes.
- Total secondary spermatocytes = 64 × 2 = 128

2. Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II to form four spermatids.
- Total spermatids = 128 × 4 = 512

3. Each spermatid matures into a spermatozoon.
- Total spermatozoa formed = 512

Therefore, from 64 spermatocytes, a total of 512 spermatozoa are formed.

Conclusion:

In spermatogenesis, the process of sperm cell formation, each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I and gives rise to two secondary spermatocytes. Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes meiosis II to form four spermatids, which eventually mature into spermatozoa. Thus, from 64 spermatocytes, a total of 512 spermatozoa are formed.