Distinguish between mitosis and meosis and which one favours evolution? Why?

Question

Answer

Answer

Mitosis is known as equstional division becoz no. of chromosome remain same
meiosis is reductional division becouse no. of chromose reduced to half of the no. chromosome
and meiosis is favoured evolution

Answer

Transverse section of skin

Answer

Mitosis and Meiosis: Understanding the Differences and their Relation to Evolution

Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division, but they have distinct differences in terms of purpose, process, and outcomes. Understanding these differences is crucial in recognizing how each process contributes to evolution.

1. Mitosis:
Mitosis is a form of cell division that occurs in somatic cells (body cells) for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. It involves the division of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The key characteristics of mitosis are:

- Purpose: Mitosis is primarily responsible for growth and the replacement of damaged or old cells.
- Process: It consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. In metaphase, the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Anaphase involves the separation of sister chromatids, and in telophase, the cell divides into two daughter cells.
- Outcome: The daughter cells produced through mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell and each other. This process maintains the chromosome number and genetic continuity.

2. Meiosis:
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (germ cells) to produce gametes (sex cells). It involves two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The key characteristics of meiosis are:

- Purpose: Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, as it generates genetic diversity by shuffling and recombining genetic material.
- Process: It consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I involves prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I, while meiosis II mirrors the phases of mitosis. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo crossing over, exchanging genetic material. In metaphase I, the homologous pairs align in the middle. Anaphase I separates the homologous chromosomes, and in telophase I, two haploid daughter cells are formed.
- Outcome: The four daughter cells produced through meiosis are genetically unique, as they contain shuffled combinations of chromosomes from both parents. This genetic variation enhances the potential for adaptation and evolution.

Relation to Evolution:
Meiosis plays a significant role in evolution due to its ability to generate genetic diversity. The genetic variation produced through meiosis allows for natural selection to act upon populations. Individuals with advantageous traits resulting from genetic recombination have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Over time, these beneficial traits become more prevalent in a population, leading to evolutionary changes.

In contrast, mitosis, being a process of cell replication without genetic recombination, does not directly contribute to evolution. However, mitosis is necessary for the growth and development of multicellular organisms, providing the foundation upon which natural selection can act.

By understanding the distinctions between mitosis and meiosis and their relationship to evolution, we can appreciate how genetic diversity arises and how it drives the adaptation and survival of species over time.

Answer

Mitosis occure in somatic cells ,in this chromosome no. remain same
meosis occure in genetic cells,in this chromosome no.become half

Similar Class 11 Doubts

Distinguish between anaphase of mitosis from anaphase of meiosis.?

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Different between mitosis and meiosis?

What is mitosis and meosis?

What is meiosis and mitosis

Top Courses for Class 11View all

Chemistry Class 11

CUET Mock Test Series

English Class 11

Chemistry Practice Tests: CUET Preparation

CUET Mock Test: Humanities Subjects 2025

Top Courses for Class 11

Top Courses for Class 11

Suggested Free Tests

Related Content

Schools

Competitive Examinations

Quick Access Links

Technical Exams