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A heat engine operating between 227°C and 27°C absorbs 2 Kcal of heat from the 227°C reservoir reversibly per cycle. The amount of work done in one cycle is :
  • a)
    0.4 Kcal
  • b)
    0.8 Kcal
  • c)
    4 Kcal 
  • d)
    8 Kcal
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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To find the amount of work done by a heat engine, we can use the equation:

\( \text{Work} = \text{Heat Input} - \text{Heat Output} \)

In this case, the heat engine is operating between two reservoirs at temperatures of 227°C and 27°C respectively. The heat engine absorbs 2 Kcal of heat from the 227°C reservoir per cycle.

Heat Input:
The heat absorbed by the heat engine from the 227°C reservoir is given as 2 Kcal.

Heat Output:
To find the heat output, we can use the Carnot efficiency formula:

\( \text{Efficiency} = 1 - \frac{\text{Heat Output}}{\text{Heat Input}} \)

Since the heat engine is operating reversibly, it is a Carnot engine and its efficiency can be calculated using the temperatures of the two reservoirs:

\( \text{Efficiency} = 1 - \frac{T_\text{cold}}{T_\text{hot}} \)

where \( T_\text{cold} \) is the temperature of the cold reservoir (27°C) and \( T_\text{hot} \) is the temperature of the hot reservoir (227°C).

\( \text{Efficiency} = 1 - \frac{27 + 273}{227 + 273} \)
\( \text{Efficiency} = 1 - \frac{300}{500} \)
\( \text{Efficiency} = 1 - 0.6 \)
\( \text{Efficiency} = 0.4 \)

The efficiency of the heat engine is 0.4, which means that 40% of the heat input is converted into work and the remaining 60% is rejected as heat.

Using the efficiency, we can find the heat output:

\( \text{Heat Output} = \text{Heat Input} \times (1 - \text{Efficiency}) \)
\( \text{Heat Output} = 2 \times (1 - 0.4) \)
\( \text{Heat Output} = 2 \times 0.6 \)
\( \text{Heat Output} = 1.2 \) Kcal

Substituting the values into the equation for work:

\( \text{Work} = \text{Heat Input} - \text{Heat Output} \)
\( \text{Work} = 2 - 1.2 \)
\( \text{Work} = 0.8 \) Kcal

Therefore, the amount of work done in one cycle is 0.8 Kcal, which corresponds to option B.
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