Discovery of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
Protons, electrons, and neutrons are fundamental particles that make up atoms. Each of these particles was discovered by different scientists through various experiments.

Protons
- Protons were discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1919 through his gold foil experiment. He observed that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles, indicating the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus within an atom. This led to the discovery of protons, which are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons
- Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 through his cathode ray tube experiment. He observed that cathode rays were deflected by electric and magnetic fields, leading him to conclude that they were negatively charged particles. These particles were later named electrons and are located outside the nucleus of an atom.

Neutrons
- Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. He conducted experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles, which resulted in the emission of a previously unknown neutral particle. This particle was identified as the neutron, which is a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
These discoveries revolutionized our understanding of the structure of atoms and laid the foundation for modern atomic theory. Together, protons, electrons, and neutrons form the building blocks of matter and play essential roles in determining the properties of different elements.