Factors Affecting Magnitude Of Crystal Field Splitting:
The magnitude of crystal field splitting (Δo) in coordination complexes is influenced by several factors. Understanding these factors is essential in predicting the behavior of transition metal complexes and their properties.

Ligand Field Strength:
- The nature of the ligand surrounding the central metal ion plays a crucial role in determining the magnitude of Δo. Strong-field ligands cause a larger splitting compared to weak-field ligands. For example, CN- is a strong-field ligand, while Cl- is a weak-field ligand.

Oxidation State of the Metal:
- The oxidation state of the metal ion affects the magnitude of Δo. In general, higher oxidation states lead to larger crystal field splitting. For example, the Δo value for Fe3+ is greater than that for Fe2+.

Coordination Number:
- The number of ligands surrounding the metal ion also influences the magnitude of Δo. Complexes with higher coordination numbers experience larger crystal field splitting. For example, octahedral complexes show a larger splitting compared to tetrahedral complexes.

Geometry of the Complex:
- The geometry of the coordination complex can impact the magnitude of crystal field splitting. For instance, in octahedral complexes, the Δo value is greater than in tetrahedral complexes due to the different orientations of ligands.

Electron Configuration of the Metal:
- The electron configuration of the metal ion plays a significant role in determining the magnitude of Δo. For transition metals, the number of d electrons and their distribution within the d orbitals affect the crystal field splitting.