The northern plains of India are a vast and fertile region stretching across the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. This region is formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers, making it one of the most agriculturally productive areas in the country. Let's explore the various aspects of the northern plains of India in detail:


- The northern plains are bordered by the Himalayas in the north and the Vindhya and Aravalli ranges in the south.
- It covers an area of approximately 7 lakh sq km, making it one of the largest plains in the world.
- The region is characterized by its flat topography, with gentle slopes and fertile soil.
- The rivers flowing through the plains, such as the Ganga, Yamuna, and their tributaries, have created a network of fertile floodplains.


- The northern plains experience a typical monsoon climate, with hot summers and cold winters.
- The summers are hot and dry, with temperatures soaring above 40°C, while winters are cold, with temperatures dropping below 10°C.
- The region receives most of its rainfall during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September.
- The fertile alluvial soil combined with the favorable climate makes the northern plains ideal for agriculture.


- The northern plains are often referred to as the "breadbasket" of India due to their high agricultural productivity.
- The alluvial soil is rich in nutrients, making it suitable for the cultivation of a wide range of crops, including wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, and oilseeds.
- The region is also known for its extensive irrigation systems, with canals and tube wells facilitating the cultivation of crops throughout the year.
- The Green Revolution, which brought significant advancements in agricultural practices, had a profound impact on the productivity of the northern plains.


- The northern plains play a crucial role in India's economy, as they contribute significantly to the agricultural output of the country.
- The region is home to numerous industrial cities, including Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Ludhiana, which serve as major commercial and industrial hubs.
- The fertile soil and abundant water resources have attracted industries such as textile, food processing, and manufacturing to the region.
- The well-connected transportation network, including railways, highways, and waterways, further enhances the economic significance of the northern plains.

In conclusion, the northern plains of India are a vital region known for their fertile soil, favorable climate, and high agricultural productivity. These plains have played a significant role in shaping the country's economy and are home to a diverse range of industries and agricultural practices.

The Northern plains of India lies to the southern part of Himalayas and the northern part of the Deccan plateau. It goes further to Punjab in the west to Assam in the east. It is called the Gangetic plains of India. The plain is about 2400 km. from east to West and approx. 240- 320 km from North to South. It covers an area of about 630 million acres of fertile land.

ORIGIN :

The great northern plains have its origin from the deposits of three major rivers ( the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra) and it's tributaries. The sediments and debris were brought down by the rivers. Gradually it began to accumulate there and became the vast alluvial plains of northern India. The soil is fertile and soft.