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Benzene is a liquid at 80 degree Celsius , liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapours . It is found that particles of benzene vapours are more energetic than particles of liquid benzene explain the observation?
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Benzene is a liquid at 80 degree Celsius , liquid benzene is in equili...
Particles of benzene vapours hve gained extra energy in the form of latent heat of vaporisation. Hence it is more energetic....
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Benzene is a liquid at 80 degree Celsius , liquid benzene is in equili...
Why are particles of benzene vapours more energetic than particles of liquid benzene?


Explanation


When a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapours, it means that the rate of evaporation of the liquid is equal to the rate of condensation of the vapours. This equilibrium is a dynamic process, meaning that molecules are constantly moving between the liquid and vapour phases.

The energy of a molecule is related to its speed and the strength of its intermolecular forces. In the liquid phase, molecules are attracted to each other by intermolecular forces and move more slowly than in the vapour phase. In the vapour phase, molecules have broken away from the intermolecular forces and are moving more rapidly.

Intermolecular forces


The intermolecular forces between benzene molecules are relatively weak London dispersion forces. These forces are proportional to the size of the molecule and the polarizability of its electrons. As a result, benzene has a relatively low boiling point of 80 degrees Celsius, and its vapours are more energetic than its liquid phase.

Conclusion


In conclusion, the observation that particles of benzene vapours are more energetic than particles of liquid benzene is explained by the fact that the intermolecular forces between benzene molecules are relatively weak, resulting in a low boiling point and more energetic vapours.
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