What is Artificial Insemination?
Artificial insemination (AI) is a medical procedure used to treat infertility by introducing sperm directly into a woman's reproductive system. This method is often utilized when natural conception is difficult due to various factors.
Types of Artificial Insemination
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is placed directly into the uterus during ovulation, increasing the chances of fertilization.
- Intracervical Insemination (ICI): Sperm is injected into the cervix, allowing it to travel to the uterus naturally.
Indications for Artificial Insemination
- Male Factor Infertility: Low sperm count or motility issues can be addressed through AI.
- Female Factor Infertility: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis may benefit from AI.
- Same-Sex Couples and Single Women: AI provides an option for those wishing to conceive without a male partner.
Procedure Overview
1. Sperm Collection: Sperm is obtained from a partner or a sperm donor. It may be frozen or fresh.
2. Sperm Preparation: The sperm is washed and concentrated to enhance the chances of successful fertilization.
3. Insemination: Depending on the type of AI, the prepared sperm is introduced into the cervix or uterus using a thin catheter.
Success Rates
- Success rates vary based on factors like age, fertility issues, and the type of AI used. IUI typically has a success rate of 10-20% per cycle.
Conclusion
Artificial insemination is a valuable option for couples and individuals facing fertility challenges, enabling them to achieve pregnancy through a minimally invasive technique.