Activity to Separate Naphthalene and Ammonium Chloride

Materials Required:
- Mixture of Naphthalene and Ammonium Chloride
- Beaker
- Funnel
- Filter Paper
- Bunsen Burner
- Tripod Stand
- Wire Gauze
- Glass Rod

Procedure:
1. Take the mixture of naphthalene and ammonium chloride in a beaker.
2. Heat the beaker with the help of a Bunsen Burner until all the naphthalene sublimes and forms vapors.
3. Place a funnel with a filter paper over another beaker.
4. The vapors of naphthalene will rise and get condensed on the funnel and filter paper.
5. The ammonium chloride remains in the original beaker.
6. After the sublimation of naphthalene is complete, turn off the Bunsen Burner and let the apparatus cool down.
7. Collect the naphthalene from the filter paper and store it in a clean and dry container.

Diagram:

Explanation:
This activity is based on the principle of sublimation. Naphthalene, being a solid, sublimes on heating, i.e., it converts directly from solid to vapor state without melting. On the other hand, ammonium chloride remains in the beaker as it does not undergo sublimation on heating. The naphthalene vapors condense on the funnel and filter paper due to the difference in their boiling points. This process of separating a mixture of two or more substances by using their differences in volatilities is called sublimation.