Cylinders are commonly used in various engineering applications, such as pressure vessels, pipes, and hydraulic cylinders. These cylinders are subjected to internal pressure, which causes stress in the cylinder walls. The two most common types of stresses in cylinders are hoop stress and longitudinal stress. In this article, we will calculate hoop and longitudinal stress in a closed cylinder vessel made up of steel plates 4mm thick carrying a fluid under the pressure of 3 N/mm2.



Hoop stress is the stress that is generated in the circumferential direction of a cylinder due to internal pressure. The formula for calculating hoop stress is given by:

Hoop Stress = (Internal Pressure x Internal Diameter)/(2 x Wall Thickness)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Hoop Stress = (3 N/mm2 x 250 mm)/(2 x 4 mm) = 468.75 N/mm2

Therefore, the hoop stress in the cylinder is 468.75 N/mm2.



Longitudinal stress is the stress that is generated in the axial direction of a cylinder due to internal pressure. The formula for calculating longitudinal stress is given by:

Longitudinal Stress = (Internal Pressure x Wall Thickness)/(Internal Diameter/2)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Longitudinal Stress = (3 N/mm2 x 4 mm)/(250 mm/2) = 24 N/mm2

Therefore, the longitudinal stress in the cylinder is 24 N/mm2.



In conclusion, the hoop stress in the cylinder is 468.75 N/mm2, and the longitudinal stress in the cylinder is 24 N/mm2. The calculation of these stresses is important in the design and analysis of cylinders to ensure that they can withstand the internal pressure without failing.

Hoop Stress is PD/2t and Long. is  PD/4t just apply the formula