Main Neolithic Settlements in South India:

Neolithic settlements in South India played a significant role in the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agrarian society. These settlements provide valuable insights into the early agricultural practices and social organization of the region. Here are some of the main Neolithic settlements in South India:

1. Ash mounds:
- Ash mounds are one of the earliest Neolithic settlements found in South India.
- These settlements are characterized by the presence of large mounds of ash, indicating early human habitation.
- Ash mounds are usually located near water sources, suggesting that water played a crucial role in the settlement patterns of the Neolithic people.

2. Adichanallur:
- Adichanallur is an important Neolithic site located in Tamil Nadu, India.
- Excavations at Adichanallur have revealed a wealth of artifacts, including pottery, tools, and burial urns.
- The presence of these artifacts points to a settled agricultural community engaged in farming and trade.

3. Kupgal:
- Kupgal is another significant Neolithic settlement in South India, located in the state of Karnataka.
- Excavations at Kupgal have unearthed various artifacts, such as pottery, stone tools, and animal bones.
- These findings suggest that the people of Kupgal were involved in agriculture and animal husbandry.

4. Kodekal:
- Kodekal is a Neolithic site located in the Raichur district of Karnataka.
- Excavations at Kodekal have revealed the presence of agricultural tools, pottery, and other artifacts.
- The site provides evidence of early farming practices and the domestication of animals.

5. Utnur:
- Utnur is a Neolithic site situated in the Adilabad district of Telangana.
- Excavations at Utnur have yielded pottery, stone tools, and human burials.
- The site provides insights into the cultural practices and social structure of the Neolithic people in the region.

6. Piklihal:
- Piklihal is a Neolithic site located in the Raichur district of Karnataka.
- The site is known for its megalithic burials, which consist of stone slabs arranged in various patterns.
- Piklihal provides evidence of advanced burial practices and social organization during the Neolithic period.

Overall, these Neolithic settlements in South India offer a glimpse into the early agricultural practices and social dynamics of the region. The artifacts and structures unearthed from these sites provide valuable information about the transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agriculture-based communities.

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