Rectified spirit is a highly concentrated ethanol solution that is used in the production of alcoholic beverages, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. It is also commonly known as neutral spirit or ethyl alcohol.

The correct composition of rectified spirit is 95.87% ethyl alcohol and 4.13% water. Let's understand how this composition is achieved.

Distillation Process:
Rectified spirit is produced by the process of distillation. During distillation, a fermented mixture of grains, fruits, or vegetables is heated to produce alcohol vapors, which are then condensed and collected.

The first distillation produces a low-proof alcohol solution that contains impurities such as methanol and fusel oils. To remove these impurities, the alcohol is redistilled multiple times until it reaches a purity level of at least 95%.

Composition:
The final composition of rectified spirit depends on the starting material and the distillation process used. The correct composition of rectified spirit is determined by the Indian Pharmacopoeia, which specifies that it should contain 95.87% ethyl alcohol and 4.13% water.

Options A, B, and C are all incorrect compositions of rectified spirit, as they do not match the Indian Pharmacopoeia specification. Option D is the correct composition, as it matches the required percentage of ethyl alcohol and water.

Importance:
The purity of rectified spirit is important in the production of alcoholic beverages, as it affects the flavor and quality of the final product. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a solvent for medicines and in the production of perfumes and cosmetics.

In conclusion, the correct composition of rectified spirit is 95.87% ethyl alcohol and 4.13% water, as specified by the Indian Pharmacopoeia. This highly concentrated ethanol solution is an important ingredient in various industries and plays a crucial role in the production of many everyday products.

95.5% ethanol with 4.5% water mixture (Azeotropic Composition) called Rectified Spirit is produced from the fermented molasses containing 7% to 8% ethanol in simple distillation process. The rectified spirit is dehydrated to produce absolute ethanol.