Overseeing the activities of the workers:
• Planning: Planning is a crucial function at the managerial level where managers are responsible for setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to achieve them. Two functions involved in planning are goal setting and resource allocation. Goal setting involves defining objectives for the team or organization, while resource allocation involves distributing resources effectively to achieve those goals.
• Organizing: Organizing involves arranging tasks, responsibilities, and resources to ensure the successful completion of objectives. Two functions within organizing are departmentalization and delegation. Departmentalization involves grouping activities into departments based on similarities in tasks or skills, while delegation involves assigning authority and responsibility to employees to carry out tasks effectively.

Taking Key Decisions:
• Leading: Leading is a critical function where managers guide, motivate, and communicate with employees to achieve organizational goals. Two functions involved in leading are communication and motivation. Communication ensures that information flows effectively within the organization, while motivation encourages employees to perform at their best.
• Controlling: Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to established goals, and taking corrective actions when necessary. Two functions within controlling are performance evaluation and feedback. Performance evaluation involves assessing employee performance against set standards, while feedback provides employees with information on their performance to help them improve.