Under the Ryoti system the planters force the ryots or peasant to sing a contract.Due to this the peasants were forced to cultivate indigo in 25%
of their land . The planters received seed an plough for cultivation from the plants and harvest it.

Introduction:
Indigo, a deep blue dye, has been cultivated for centuries and has played a significant role in the history of many civilizations. It was widely cultivated during the colonial period, particularly in India. The cultivation of indigo involved several steps, from preparing the land to harvesting and processing the plant. Let's delve into the details of how indigo was cultivated.

1. Selection of Land:
Indigo cultivation required well-drained and fertile land. Farmers would select fields with clayey soil that retained moisture and provided the necessary nutrients for the indigo plant to grow.

2. Preparation of Land:
The land would be plowed and leveled to create a suitable bed for the indigo plants. Farmers would ensure that the soil was free from weeds and any other unwanted vegetation.

3. Sowing the Seeds:
Indigo seeds were sown in prepared beds or directly in the fields. The seeds were usually sown during the monsoon season when there was adequate rainfall. The seeds were sown at a depth of about 2-3 centimeters and at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from each other.

4. Growth and Maintenance:
Once the seeds germinated, the indigo plants required regular care and maintenance. This included watering, weeding, and protecting the plants from pests and diseases. Farmers would ensure that the plants received sufficient sunlight and nutrients for healthy growth.

5. Harvesting:
The indigo plants were ready for harvesting after about 3-4 months of sowing. The leaves of the plant were the primary source of indigo dye. Farmers would carefully pluck the leaves from the plants, ensuring minimum damage to the plant itself.

6. Processing:
After harvesting, the indigo leaves were subjected to a process called fermentation. The leaves were soaked in water, and the fermentation process would release the blue pigment. The fermented solution was then strained to remove any impurities.

7. Dye Extraction:
The strained solution was then left to settle, allowing the indigo particles to settle at the bottom. The liquid was drained, and the remaining indigo paste was collected. The paste was further processed and dried to obtain a concentrated indigo dye.

Conclusion:
Indigo cultivation involved a series of steps, from selecting the right land to harvesting and processing the plant. The cultivation of indigo was an essential part of many agricultural communities, providing a valuable source of income and contributing to the vibrant textile industry.