Cunningham's Views on Harappan Civilization
The renowned British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham had significant contributions to the study of the Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization. His views shed light on various aspects of this ancient civilization.

Advanced Urban Planning
Cunningham acknowledged the advanced urban planning and infrastructure of the Harappan cities. He was impressed by the well-planned layout of streets, drainage systems, and public buildings, indicating a high level of organization and sophistication.

Technological Advancements
Cunningham highlighted the technological advancements of the Harappan civilization, such as their impressive craftsmanship in pottery, metalwork, and urban construction. He recognized their use of standardized weights and measures, indicating a well-developed system of trade and commerce.

Social Organization
Cunningham believed that the Harappan civilization had a complex social organization, with evidence of distinct social classes based on the size and layout of residential areas. He also noted the presence of public baths and granaries, suggesting a centralized authority or governance structure.

Religious Practices
Cunningham speculated on the religious practices of the Harappan people based on the discovery of seals and figurines depicting deities or ritual scenes. He suggested that they may have worshipped nature or fertility gods and conducted elaborate ceremonies or rituals.

Decline and Legacy
Cunningham theorized about the decline of the Harappan civilization, proposing various factors such as environmental changes, natural disasters, or invasions. Despite its decline, he emphasized the lasting legacy of the Harappan civilization in shaping the cultural and social landscape of the Indian subcontinent.
In conclusion, Alexander Cunningham's views on the Harappan civilization provide valuable insights into its urban planning, technological achievements, social organization, religious practices, and eventual decline, contributing to our understanding of this ancient civilization.