Harappan People Strategies:

Urban Planning:
- Harappan cities were carefully planned with streets laid out in a grid pattern and buildings made of standardized bricks.
- Cities were divided into residential, industrial, and commercial areas, indicating a well-thought-out urban plan.

Agricultural Practices:
- Harappan people were skilled farmers who utilized advanced irrigation techniques to grow crops such as wheat, barley, and cotton.
- They constructed canals, dams, and reservoirs to manage water resources efficiently.

Trade Networks:
- The Harappans engaged in long-distance trade with regions such as Mesopotamia, Oman, and Central Asia.
- They exchanged goods such as precious metals, gemstones, pottery, and textiles, showcasing their economic prowess.

Craftsmanship:
- Harappan artisans were known for their craftsmanship in pottery, metalwork, and jewelry making.
- They produced intricately designed seals, pottery with unique motifs, and metal objects like tools and ornaments.

Social Organization:
- The Harappan society was well-organized with a clear hierarchy and division of labor.
- Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of rulers, priests, artisans, traders, and laborers within their society.

Defensive Measures:
- Some Harappan cities were fortified with defensive walls, indicating a need for protection against potential threats.
- The presence of watchtowers and gateways further suggests a strategic approach to defense.
Overall, the Harappan people employed a combination of urban planning, agricultural practices, trade networks, craftsmanship, social organization, and defensive measures to create a thriving civilization in the ancient Indus Valley.