Class 8 Exam > Class 8 Questions > what are the different types of microorganism...
Start Learning for Free
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples
?
Verified Answer
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Re...
Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
Bacteria
Bacteria are unicellular organisms. The cells are described as prokaryotic because they lack a nucleus. They exist in four major shapes: bacillus (rod shape), coccus (spherical shape), spirilla (spiral shape), and vibrio (curved shape). Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall; they divide by binary fission; and they may possess flagella for motility. The difference in their cell wall structure is a major feature used in classifying these organisms.
Archaea
Archaea or Archaebacteria differ from true bacteria in their cell wall structure and lack peptidoglycans. They are prokaryotic cells with avidity to extreme environmental conditions. Based on their habitat, all Archaeans can be divided into the following groups: methanogens (methane-producing organisms), halophiles (archaeans that live in salty environments), thermophiles (archaeans that live at extremely hot temperatures), and psychrophiles (cold-temperature Archaeans). Archaeans use different energy sources like hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and sulphur. Some of them use sunlight to make energy, but not the same way plants do. They absorb sunlight using their membrane pigment, bacteriorhodopsin. This reacts with light, leading to the formation of the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Fungi
Fungi (mushroom, molds, and yeasts) are eukaryotic cells (with a true nucleus). Most fungi are multicellular and their cell wall is composed of chitin. They obtain nutrients by absorbing organic material from their environment (decomposers), through symbiotic relationships with plants (symbionts), or harmful relationships with a host (parasites). They form characteristic filamentous tubes called hyphae that help absorb material. The collection of hyphae is called mycelium. Fungi reproduce by releasing spores.
Protozoa
Protozoa are unicellular aerobic eukaryotes. They have a nucleus, complex organelles, and obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through specialized structures. They make up the largest group of organisms in the world in terms of numbers, biomass, and diversity. Their cell walls are made up of cellulose. Protozoa have been traditionally divided based on their mode of locomotion: flagellates produce their own food and use their whip-like structure to propel forward, ciliates have tiny hair that beat to produce movement, amoeboids have false feet or pseudopodia used for feeding and locomotion, and sporozoans are non-motile. They also have different means of nutrition, which groups them as autotrophs or heterotrophs.
Algae
Algae, also called cyanobacteria or blue-green algae, are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that obtain nourishment by photosynthesis. They live in water, damp soil, and rocks and produce oxygen and carbohydrates used by other organisms. It is believed that cyanobacteria are the origins of green land plants.
Viruses
Viruses are noncellular entities that consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. Although viruses are classified as microorganisms, they are not considered living organisms. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell and cannot metabolize on their own. Viruses often infest prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells causing diseases.
Multicellular Animal Parasites
A group of eukaryotic organisms consisting of the flatworms and roundworms, which are collectively referred to as the helminths. Although they are not microorganisms by definition, since they are large enough to be easily seen with the naked eye, they live a part of their life cycle in microscopic form. Since the parasitic helminths are of clinical importance, they are often discussed along with the other groups of microbes.
This question is part of UPSC exam. View all Class 8 courses
Most Upvoted Answer
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Re...
Types of Microorganisms
Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found almost everywhere.
- Examples include E. coli, Streptococcus, and Salmonella.
Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
- Examples include Candida albicans, Aspergillus, and Penicillium.
Protozoa
- Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that are typically found in moist environments.
- Examples include Plasmodium (causes malaria), Amoeba, and Paramecium.
Algae
- Algae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can be found in aquatic environments.
- Examples include Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, and Ulva.
Viruses
- Viruses are non-living microorganisms that require a host cell to replicate.
- Examples include Influenza virus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2.
Archaea
- Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that are similar to bacteria but have distinct genetic and biochemical properties.
- Examples include Methanogens, Halophiles, and Thermophiles.
Each type of microorganism plays a unique role in the environment, with some being beneficial (Friend) while others can be harmful (Foe) to humans and other organisms. It is important to understand the characteristics and functions of each type of microorganism to effectively manage their impact on our health and the environment.
Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found almost everywhere.
- Examples include E. coli, Streptococcus, and Salmonella.
Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
- Examples include Candida albicans, Aspergillus, and Penicillium.
Protozoa
- Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that are typically found in moist environments.
- Examples include Plasmodium (causes malaria), Amoeba, and Paramecium.
Algae
- Algae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can be found in aquatic environments.
- Examples include Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, and Ulva.
Viruses
- Viruses are non-living microorganisms that require a host cell to replicate.
- Examples include Influenza virus, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2.
Archaea
- Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that are similar to bacteria but have distinct genetic and biochemical properties.
- Examples include Methanogens, Halophiles, and Thermophiles.
Each type of microorganism plays a unique role in the environment, with some being beneficial (Friend) while others can be harmful (Foe) to humans and other organisms. It is important to understand the characteristics and functions of each type of microorganism to effectively manage their impact on our health and the environment.
Attention Class 8 Students!
To make sure you are not studying endlessly, EduRev has designed Class 8 study material, with Structured Courses, Videos, & Test Series. Plus get personalized analysis, doubt solving and improvement plans to achieve a great score in Class 8.
|
|
Explore Courses for Class 8 exam
|
|
Similar Class 8 Doubts
Top Courses for Class 8View all
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science?
Question Description
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? for Class 8 2024 is part of Class 8 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 8 exam syllabus. Information about what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? covers all topics & solutions for Class 8 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science?.
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? for Class 8 2024 is part of Class 8 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 8 exam syllabus. Information about what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? covers all topics & solutions for Class 8 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science?.
Solutions for what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Class 8.
Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Class 8 Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of
what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science?, a detailed solution for what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? has been provided alongside types of what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? theory, EduRev gives you an
ample number of questions to practice what are the different types of microorganism explain with examples Related: Microorganism: Friend and Foe, NCERT Solutions, Class 8, Science? tests, examples and also practice Class 8 tests.
|
|
Explore Courses for Class 8 exam
|
|
Suggested Free Tests
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
Follow Us
|
Signup to see your scores
go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup