Condensation is the process by which a gas changes into a liquid. It occurs when the temperature of a gas is lowered and reaches its dew point. As a result, the gas molecules slow down and come closer together, forming liquid droplets.

The process of condensation can be explained in the following steps:

1. Gas molecules: In a gas, the particles are in constant motion and are far apart from each other. They have high kinetic energy, and their random motion allows them to fill the entire space available to them.

2. Cooling: When a gas is cooled, its temperature decreases. This can be achieved by reducing the heat energy or by bringing the gas into contact with a cooler surface or substance.

3. Decreased kinetic energy: As the gas is cooled, the kinetic energy of its molecules decreases. The decrease in kinetic energy causes the gas molecules to slow down and move closer together.

4. Intermolecular forces: When the gas molecules become closer, the intermolecular forces between them become stronger. These forces can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the type of gas and the conditions.

5. Liquid droplet formation: As the intermolecular forces become stronger, the gas molecules start to come together and form clusters or droplets. These droplets are the liquid phase of the substance.

6. Condensation: The formation of liquid droplets from a gas is called condensation. It is a phase change process where the gas loses energy and transforms into a liquid. This process is accompanied by the release of heat energy.

Condensation is a common natural phenomenon that can be observed in various situations. For example, when warm moist air comes into contact with a cold surface like a mirror or a window, the water vapor in the air condenses and forms water droplets. This is why we often see dew on grass or fog on a cold day.

In summary, condensation is the process by which a gas changes into a liquid. It occurs when a gas is cooled and its molecules slow down, come closer together, and form liquid droplets.