In short

The constitution was made by the constituent assembly which had been elected for undivided India. It held its first sitting on 9th December 1946 and reassembled as Constituent Assembly on 14th August 1947. Its members were chosen by indirect election by the members of Provincial Legislative Assembly.


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The Making of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution, which came into effect on January 26, 1950, is the supreme law of India. Its making was a complex process that involved extensive discussions, deliberations, and contributions from various stakeholders. Here is a detailed explanation of how the Indian Constitution was made:

Background:
- After gaining independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, India needed a constitution to establish the framework for governance.
- The Constituent Assembly was formed to draft and finalize the Indian Constitution.

Formation of the Constituent Assembly:
- The Constituent Assembly was formed on December 9, 1946, based on the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission Plan.
- It consisted of representatives from the provinces, princely states, and other territories.
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly.

Drafting Committee:
- The Constituent Assembly appointed a Drafting Committee to prepare the final draft of the constitution.
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent jurist and social reformer, chaired the Drafting Committee.
- Other members of the committee included Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and other legal experts.

Deliberations and Debates:
- The Drafting Committee prepared a first draft of the constitution, which was presented to the Constituent Assembly.
- The Constituent Assembly then engaged in rigorous debates and discussions on various aspects of the constitution.
- Several sub-committees were formed to examine specific issues such as fundamental rights, minority rights, and the rights of women.

Key Features and Influences:
- The Indian Constitution drew inspiration from various sources, including the Government of India Act 1935, the Constitution of various countries, and the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
- It incorporated fundamental rights, a parliamentary form of government, separation of powers, and a federal structure.

Adoption and Enactment:
- After three years of deliberations, the Constituent Assembly adopted the final draft on November 26, 1949.
- The Indian Constitution was enacted on January 26, 1950, and this date is celebrated as Republic Day in India.
- The Constitution provided for a democratic and sovereign republic with a President as the head of state.

Conclusion:
The making of the Indian Constitution was a remarkable achievement that reflected the aspirations and diversity of the Indian people. It involved extensive deliberations, debates, and contributions from various experts and representatives. The Indian Constitution continues to serve as a guiding document, ensuring the principles of justice, equality, and democracy in the governance of the country.