Malleability is a physical property of metals and alloys. It refers to the ability of a material to be shaped or deformed under compression without cracking or breaking. This property is essential in the production of various products such as coins, jewelry, and sheet metal.



Malleability is caused by the application of compressive stress. The stress can be applied in various forms, including:



Shear stress is a type of stress that occurs when two forces are applied in opposite directions parallel to the surface of a material. When a metal is subjected to shear stress, the layers of atoms slide past each other, causing the material to deform without breaking.



Tensile stress is a type of stress that occurs when a material is stretched or pulled apart. When a metal is subjected to tensile stress, the atoms are pulled apart, causing the material to elongate and become thinner.



Compressive stress is a type of stress that occurs when two forces are applied in opposite directions, compressing the material. When a metal is subjected to compressive stress, the atoms are pushed closer together, causing the material to become shorter and wider.



Bending stress is a type of stress that occurs when a material is bent or flexed. When a metal is subjected to bending stress, the atoms on the outer surface of the bend are compressed, while the atoms on the inner surface are stretched. This causes the material to deform and become thinner on the outer surface of the bend.



In conclusion, malleability is a critical property of metals and alloys that allows them to be shaped and formed without breaking. This property is caused by the application of compressive stress, which can be applied in the form of shear stress, tensile stress, compressive stress, or bending stress. Understanding the different types of stress that cause malleability is crucial in the production of high-quality metal products.

Compressive stress