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The negative of the work done by conservative internal forces on a system equals the change in?
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The negative of the work done by conservative internal forces on a sys...
Conservative Internal Forces and Work Done


Conservative internal forces are those forces that do not depend on the path taken by a system but only on its initial and final positions. Examples include gravitational and elastic forces. These forces can do work on a system, and this work can either be positive or negative.


Negative Work Done and Change in Energy


When conservative internal forces do negative work on a system, this means that the system has gained energy. Conversely, when they do positive work, the system loses energy. This is because the work done by these forces is converted into potential energy, which is stored in the system.


The negative of the work done by conservative internal forces on a system equals the change in potential energy of that system. Mathematically, this can be expressed as follows:


W = -ΔU


Where W is the work done by the conservative internal forces, and ΔU is the change in potential energy of the system.


Implications of the Equation


The above equation has some important implications:



  • If the work done by the conservative internal forces is negative, then the change in potential energy is positive, which means the system has gained energy. This can happen, for example, when an object falls under the influence of gravity.

  • If the work done by the conservative internal forces is positive, then the change in potential energy is negative, which means the system has lost energy. This can happen, for example, when an object is lifted against gravity.

  • If the work done by the conservative internal forces is zero, then the change in potential energy is also zero, which means the system's energy remains constant. This can happen, for example, when an object moves along a horizontal surface.



Overall, the equation W = -ΔU is a useful way to understand the relationship between conservative internal forces, work done, and changes in potential energy.
Community Answer
The negative of the work done by conservative internal forces on a sys...
Equals to the change in potential energy or exernal force with negative sign which is applied in opposite to the direction of conservative force
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Newton's CradleThe device consists of a row of five metal balls positioned to just barely touch one another suspended from a frame by thin wires. On a small cradles, the balls are hung from the crossbars by light wire, with the balls at the point of an inverted triangle. This ensures that the balls can only swing in one plane, parallel to the crossbars. If the ball could move on any other plane, it would impart less energy to the other balls in the impact or miss them altogether, and the device wouldn't work as well, if at all. All the balls are, ideally, exactly the same size, weight, mass and density. As long as the balls are all the same size and density, they can be as big or as small as you like. The balls must be perfectly aligned at the center to make the cradle work the best.When a ball on one end of the cradle is pulled away from the others and then released, it strikes the next ball in the cradle, which remains motionless. But the last ball on the opposite end of the row is thrown into the air, then swings back to strike the other balls, starting the chain reaction again in reverse. This device illustrates the three main principles of Physics - conservation of energy, conservation of momentum and friction. Everything that moves has momentum equal to its mass multiplied by its velocity. Like energy, momentum is also conserved. Momentum is a vector quantity, when 1st ball hits 2nd ball, it's traveling in a specific direction, let's say east to west. This means that its momentum is also moving east to west. Any change in direction of the motion brings a change in the momentum, which cannot happen without the influence of an outside force. That is why 1st ball doesn't simply bounce off 2nd ball, the momentum carries the energy through all the balls in a westward direction. It is to remember that the law of conservation only works in a closed system, which is free from any external force. The Newton's cradle is not a closed system. When 5th ball swings out away from the rest of the balls, it is affected by the force of gravity, which brings the ball down. But, the horizontal line of balls at rest, functions as a closed system, free from any influence of any force other than gravity. It's here, during the small time between the first ball's impact and the 5th ball swinging out, that momentum is conserved.What is a closed system?

Newton's CradleThe device consists of a row of five metal balls positioned to just barely touch one another suspended from a frame by thin wires. On a small cradles, the balls are hung from the crossbars by light wire, with the balls at the point of an inverted triangle. This ensures that the balls can only swing in one plane, parallel to the crossbars. If the ball could move on any other plane, it would impart less energy to the other balls in the impact or miss them altogether, and the device wouldn't work as well, if at all. All the balls are, ideally, exactly the same size, weight, mass and density. As long as the balls are all the same size and density, they can be as big or as small as you like. The balls must be perfectly aligned at the center to make the cradle work the best.When a ball on one end of the cradle is pulled away from the others and then released, it strikes the next ball in the cradle, which remains motionless. But the last ball on the opposite end of the row is thrown into the air, then swings back to strike the other balls, starting the chain reaction again in reverse. This device illustrates the three main principles of Physics - conservation of energy, conservation of momentum and friction. Everything that moves has momentum equal to its mass multiplied by its velocity. Like energy, momentum is also conserved. Momentum is a vector quantity, when 1st ball hits 2nd ball, it's traveling in a specific direction, let's say east to west. This means that its momentum is also moving east to west. Any change in direction of the motion brings a change in the momentum, which cannot happen without the influence of an outside force. That is why 1st ball doesn't simply bounce off 2nd ball, the momentum carries the energy through all the balls in a westward direction. It is to remember that the law of conservation only works in a closed system, which is free from any external force. The Newton's cradle is not a closed system. When 5th ball swings out away from the rest of the balls, it is affected by the force of gravity, which brings the ball down. But, the horizontal line of balls at rest, functions as a closed system, free from any influence of any force other than gravity. It's here, during the small time between the first ball's impact and the 5th ball swinging out, that momentum is conserved.Newton’s cradle illustrates the three main principles of Physics

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