**Explanation:**

The disease caused by the deficiency of iodine is **Goitre**.

**Goitre:**
- Goitre is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple.
- The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce hormones that regulate metabolism and growth.
- When there is a deficiency of iodine in the diet, the thyroid gland becomes enlarged in an attempt to produce more hormones.
- The enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as goitre.

**Causes of Iodine Deficiency:**
- Iodine deficiency usually occurs due to a lack of iodine in the diet.
- Iodine is primarily found in seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt.
- In regions where these sources of iodine are not readily available, iodine deficiency can be common.

**Symptoms of Goitre:**
- The most noticeable symptom of goitre is the visible enlargement of the neck.
- Other symptoms may include a cough, hoarseness of voice, difficulty swallowing, and breathing problems.
- In some cases, goitre may be associated with an overactive or underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as weight gain or loss, fatigue, and mood changes.

**Prevention and Treatment:**
- The best way to prevent goitre caused by iodine deficiency is to ensure an adequate intake of iodine through a balanced diet.
- In areas where iodine deficiency is common, iodized salt is often used to ensure sufficient iodine intake.
- Treatment for goitre involves addressing the underlying iodine deficiency and may include the use of iodine supplements or medications to regulate thyroid hormone levels.
- In severe cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland may be necessary.

**Conclusion:**
Goitre is the disease caused by the deficiency of iodine. It is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland and can be prevented and treated by ensuring an adequate intake of iodine through a balanced diet or the use of iodized salt.

The deficiency disease caused by iodine is goitre. or this is the thyroid gland the symptoms of goitre is swelling and coughing. goitre causes mental disability in children and swollen glands