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The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by [2006]
  • a)
    Spin quantum number
  • b)
    Magnetic quantum number
  • c)
    Principal quantum number
  • d)
    Azimuthal quantum number
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by [2006]a)Spin quant...
Magnetic quantum no. represents the orientation of atomic orbitals in an atom. For example px, py & pz have orientation along X-axis, Y-axis & Z-axis
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The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by [2006]a)Spin quant...
Principal Quantum Number represents the principal energy level or shell in which an electron revolves around the nucleus. It is denoted by the letter n and can have any integral value except the 0 i.e. n = 1, 2, 3, 4 … ….etc. The energies of the various principal shells will follow the sequence as :

K < l="" />< m="" />< n="" />< />

1 < 2="" />< 3="" />< 4="" />< 5…….="" />

Azimuthal Quantum Number
Azimuthal quantum number, also known as orbital quantum number determines the subshell to which an electron belongs. As a matter of result, the number of electronic jump increases and the number of lines at the same time.

For a given value of n, it can have any integral value ranging from 0 to n – 1.
For the 1st Shell, say K, n =1, you can have only one value i.e. l = 0
For the 2nd Shell, say L, n = 2, you can have two values i.e. l = 0 and 1
For the 3rd Shell, say M, n = 3, you can have three values i.e. l = 0, 1 and 2
For the 4th shells, say N, n = 4, you can have 4 values i.e. l = 0, 1, 2 and 3
Magnetic Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number denoted by the symbol m is what represents the orientation of atomic orbital in space. The value of the Magnetic Quantum Number, m, depends on the value of l. Magnetic Quantum Number can have a total number of (2l + 1).
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The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by [2006]a)Spin quant...

Explanation:

Magnetic Quantum Number:
- The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by the magnetic quantum number.
- The magnetic quantum number, denoted by \(m_l\), specifies the orientation of an orbital within a subshell.
- It can have integer values ranging from -l to +l, where l is the azimuthal quantum number.
- For example, in a p subshell (l = 1), the magnetic quantum number can have values of -1, 0, or +1, indicating the three different orientations of the p orbitals along the x, y, and z axes.

Relation with Orbital Orientation:
- The magnetic quantum number determines the spatial orientation of the orbital within a subshell.
- It helps in defining the shape and orientation of atomic orbitals in an atom.
- Different values of the magnetic quantum number correspond to different spatial orientations of the orbitals.

Principal Quantum Number:
- The principal quantum number, denoted by n, determines the energy level of an electron and the size of the orbital.
- It is related to the average distance of the electron from the nucleus.

Azimuthal Quantum Number:
- The azimuthal quantum number, denoted by l, determines the shape of the orbital.
- It also indicates the subshell in which the orbital is located.

In conclusion, the magnetic quantum number plays a crucial role in determining the orientation of an atomic orbital within a subshell. It helps in visualizing the spatial distribution of electrons in an atom and understanding the arrangement of orbitals in different energy levels.
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