The common name for manganese-dioxide-alkaline-zinc cell is an alkaline cell.

- Introduction:
Manganese-dioxide-alkaline-zinc cell is a type of electrochemical cell that utilizes a combination of manganese dioxide, alkaline electrolyte, and zinc to produce electrical energy. It is commonly known as an alkaline cell due to the presence of an alkaline electrolyte.

- Composition:
An alkaline cell consists of the following components:

1. Anode: The anode of the cell is made of zinc, which serves as the negative electrode. Zinc is chosen due to its high reactivity and ability to act as a good electron donor.

2. Cathode: The cathode is made of manganese dioxide (MnO2), which acts as the positive electrode. Manganese dioxide is a suitable material for the cathode due to its ability to undergo reduction reactions.

3. Electrolyte: The electrolyte used in an alkaline cell is an alkaline solution, typically potassium hydroxide (KOH). The alkaline electrolyte helps in the ionization of the reactants and facilitates the flow of electrons during the electrochemical reactions.

- Working Principle:
The alkaline cell operates based on the principles of electrochemical reactions. When the cell is in use, the following reactions occur:

1. At the anode (negative electrode): Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
Zinc metal oxidizes and releases two electrons into the circuit.

2. At the cathode (positive electrode): 2MnO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- → Mn2O3(s) + 2OH-(aq)
Manganese dioxide reduces by gaining two electrons from the circuit and reacts with water and hydroxide ions to form manganese(III) oxide and hydroxide ions.

Overall Cell Reaction: Zn(s) + 2MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l) → Zn2+(aq) + Mn2O3(s) + 2OH-(aq)

The release of electrons at the anode and their uptake at the cathode generates an electric current that can be utilized to power various devices.

- Advantages of Alkaline Cells:
1. Longer Shelf Life: Alkaline cells have a significantly longer shelf life compared to other types of batteries. They can retain their charge for several years, making them suitable for long-term storage.

2. Higher Energy Density: Alkaline cells have a higher energy density, which means they can store more energy per unit weight compared to other battery types. This makes them ideal for high-drain devices.

3. Better Performance in Cold Conditions: Alkaline cells perform better in cold temperatures compared to other battery chemistries. They are less susceptible to voltage drop and can deliver reliable power even in low-temperature environments.

4. Environmentally Friendly: Alkaline cells are considered more environmentally friendly compared to other battery types as they do not contain toxic heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium.

Overall, the alkaline cell, also known as the manganese-dioxide-alkaline-zinc cell, is a widely used and versatile power source due to

Because it has an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide