Peptide Hormone - Glucagon

Peptide hormones are hormones made up of amino acids that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream. Glucagon is a peptide hormone that is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas.

Function of Glucagon

- Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels in the blood.
- It acts in opposition to insulin, increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.

Structure of Glucagon

- Glucagon is a small peptide hormone composed of 29 amino acids.
- It has a molecular weight of about 3485.96 g/mol.

Mode of Action

- Glucagon binds to specific receptors on the surface of liver cells, triggering a signaling cascade that leads to the release of glucose into the bloodstream.
- This process helps to maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range, especially during periods of fasting or low blood sugar.

Regulation of Glucagon

- Glucagon secretion is tightly regulated by various factors such as blood glucose levels, amino acids, and other hormones like insulin.
- Low blood sugar levels stimulate glucagon release, while high blood sugar levels inhibit its secretion.

In conclusion, glucagon is a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis by increasing blood sugar levels when needed. This hormone is essential for maintaining overall metabolic balance in the body.