Civics Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

Short Notes:
- The Constitution of India was adopted on 26th January 1950.
- It lays down the fundamental principles of governance in India.
- It is the longest written constitution in the world.
- It has 22 parts and 395 articles.
- It provides for a federal system of government with a division of powers between the Centre and the states.
- It also provides for a parliamentary form of government at the Centre and in the states.
- The Constitution provides for a system of checks and balances among the three organs of government, i.e., the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
- It also guarantees fundamental rights and duties to all citizens and lays down the directive principles of state policy for the government to follow.

Extra Questions:
1. Who is the father of the Indian Constitution?
2. How many schedules does the Indian Constitution have?
3. What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution?
4. What is the significance of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
5. What is the difference between a federal and a unitary system of government?

Economics Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur

Short Notes:
- Palampur is a hypothetical village in India.
- It has around 450 families and is well-connected by roads and electricity.
- The village has different types of land for farming, including irrigated and unirrigated land.
- The main sources of income for the villagers are farming and non-farming activities.
- The village has a number of small-scale industries like weaving, pottery, etc.
- The village also has a primary school, a primary health centre, and a fair price shop.

Extra Questions:
1. What is the main occupation of the people of Palampur?
2. What are the different types of farming practised in Palampur?
3. Why is irrigation important for farming in Palampur?
4. What are the non-farming activities undertaken by the people of Palampur?
5. What are the problems faced by the people of Palampur in terms of healthcare and education?

Word Meanings:
1. Hypothetical - based on a suggested idea or theory, not yet proven to be true or real
2. Irrigated - land that is artificially watered to enable crops to grow
3. Primary school - a school that provides primary education to children aged between 6 and 10 years
4. Primary health centre - a healthcare facility that provides basic medical services to people in a rural area
5. Fair price shop - a government-run shop that sells essential commodities like rice, wheat, sugar, etc., at a subsidized rate to people living below the poverty line.

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