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A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X.Hence X [1995]
  • a)
    reduces enthalpy of the reaction
  • b)
    decreases rate constant of the reaction
  • c)
    increases activation energy of the reaction
  • d)
    does not affect equilibrium constant of the reaction
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X.Hence X [1995]a)reduc...
A catalyst affects equally both forward and backward reactions, therefore it does not affect equilibrium constant of reaction.
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A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X.Hence X [1995]a)reduc...
Although a catalyst speeds up the reaction but it does not shift the position of equilibrium. This is due to the fact that the presence of catalyst reduces the height of barrier by providing an alternative path for the reaction and lowers the activation energy.

• However, the lowering in activation energy is to the same extent for the forward as well as the backward reaction.
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A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X.Hence X [1995]a)reduc...
Explanation:

Effect of Catalyst X on the Reaction:
- A catalyst X functions by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur, which lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.
- The catalyst does not alter the overall enthalpy change of the reaction, meaning it does not affect the enthalpy of the reaction.
- The rate constant of the reaction is increased by the presence of a catalyst, as it speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier.
- While the activation energy is decreased by the catalyst, the equilibrium constant of the reaction remains unchanged.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' which states that the catalyst X does not affect the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
In conclusion, a catalyst like X plays a crucial role in enhancing the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy, without affecting the overall equilibrium constant or enthalpy of the reaction.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reaction of haloalkane can be conducted according to both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. However, which mechanism it is based on is related to such factors as the structure of haloalkane, and properties of leaving group, nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Influences of halogen: No matter which mechanism the nucleophilic substitution reaction is based on, the leaving group always leave the central carbon atom with electron pair. This is just the opposite of the situation that nucleophilic reagent attacks the central carbon atom with electron pair. Therefore, the weaker the alkalinity of leaving group is , the more stable the anion formed is and it will be more easier for the leaving group to leave the central carbon atom; that is to say, the reactant is more easier to be substituted. The alkalinity order of halogen ion is I− < Br− < Cl− < F− and the order of their leaving tendency should be I− > Br− > Cl− > F−. Therefore, in four halides with the same alkyl and different halogens, the order of substitution reaction rate is RI > RBr > RCl > RF. In addition, if the leaving group is very easy to leave, many carbocation intermediates are generated in the reaction and the reaction is based on SN1 mechanism. If the leaving group is not easy to leave, the reaction is based on SN2 mechanism. Influences of solvent polarity: In SN1 reaction, the polarity of the system increases from the reactant to the transition state, because polar solvent has a greater stabilizing effect on the transition state than the reactant, thereby reduce activation energy and accelerate the reaction. In SN2 reaction, the polarity of the system generally does not change from the reactant to the transition state and only charge dispersion occurs. At this time, polar solvent has a great stabilizing effect on Nu than the transition state, thereby increasing activation energy and slow down the reaction rate. For example, the decomposition rate (SN1) of tertiary chlorobutane in 25° water (dielectric constant 79) is 300000 times faster than in ethanol (dielectric constant 24). The reaction rate (SN2) of 2-bromopropane and NaOH in ethanol containing 40% water is twice slower than in absolute ethanol. In a word, the level of solvent polarity has influence on both SN1 and SN2 reactions, but with different results. Generally speaking, weak polar solvent is favorable for SN2 reaction, while strong polar solvent is favorable for SN1 reaction, because only under the action of polar solvent can halogenated hydrocarbon dissociate into carbocation and halogen ion and solvents with a strong polarity is favorable for solvation of carbocation, increasing its stability. Generally speaking, the substitution reaction of tertiary haloalkane is based on SN1 mechanism in solvents with a strong polarity (for example, ethanol containing water).Q. Polar solvents make the reaction faster as they

A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X.Hence X [1995]a)reduces enthalpy of the reactionb)decreases rate constant of the reactionc)increases activation energy of the reactiond)does not affect equilibrium constant of the reactionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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