All Chapter Notes for Class 9 Science NCERT

Here are the chapter notes for class 9 science NCERT which will help students to prepare for their exams.

Matter in Our Surroundings
- The matter exists in three states- solid, liquid and gas.
- The inter-molecular spaces, forces and thermal energy determine the state of matter.
- The boiling point and melting point of matter are physical properties.
- The change in state of matter is due to the change in temperature and pressure.

Is Matter Around Us Pure
- Elements and compounds are pure substances.
- Mixtures contain two or more pure substances.
- The separation of mixtures can be done by various methods like filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

Atoms and Molecules
- Atoms are the basic unit of matter, which combine to form molecules.
- The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of products.
- The law of constant proportions states that in a compound, the elements are always present in a fixed ratio by mass.

Structure of the Atom
- The atom is composed of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom.
- The mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

The Fundamental Unit of Life
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- The cell is composed of various organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, etc.
- The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells.

Tissues
- Tissues are a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
- Animal tissues are classified into four types- epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
- Plant tissues are classified into two types- meristematic and permanent.

Diversity in Living Organisms
- The living organisms are classified into five kingdoms- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- The classification is based on the cell structure, mode of nutrition, and complexity of the organism.

Motion
- Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to time.
- The distance and displacement are different.
- The speed and velocity are different.

Force and Laws of Motion
- Newton's laws of motion explain the motion of an object.
- The first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
- The second law states that the force acting on an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum.

Gravitation
- Gravitation is the force of attraction between two objects.
- The force of gravitation depends on the mass and distance between the two objects.
- The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s^2.

Work and Energy
- Work is done when a force is applied to an object and the object moves.
- Energy is the capacity to do work.
- There are various forms of energy like potential energy, kinetic energy, etc.

Sound

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