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In each question below is given a statement followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide which of the three given suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing.
Statement: The exodus from villages to cities is detrimental to both.
Courses of Action:
l. Rural postings must be made mandatory.
ll. There should be fewer trains linking cities to smaller places.
lll. Employment generation scheme should be launched in rural areas.
  • a)
    Only II follows
  • b)
    Only I and II follow
  • c)
    Only III follows
  • d)
    Only II and III follow
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
In each question below is given a statement followed by three courses ...
Clearly, the exodus cannot be stopped by reducing the number of trains. So, II does not follow. The exodus occurs primarily due to better employment opportunities and facilities in the cities. Hence, it can be prevented not by compulsion but by making conditions favourable for those residing in villages. So, I does not follow while III follows.
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One of the most critical yet troublesome social policy questions is how many actually suffer because of labor market problems. Our social statistics, in many ways, exaggerate the degree of difficulty. Today unemployment does not have similar effects as compared to it in the 1930s. Then, most of the unemployed were primary earning member of their respective families, when income was usually at the level of subsistence, and when there were no social programs for those not succeeding in the labor market. Increasing affluence, arising out of increase in the families with more than single wage earner, the rising predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and new social welfare protection schemes have no doubt mitigated the effect of being without a job.Earnings and income data also exaggerate the extent of suffering. Among many with hourly wage at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is from relatively well to do families having multiple-earners. Most of those taken into account by the poverty statistics either have family responsibilities or are elderly or handicapped which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means correct indicators of labor market indices.Yet, our social statistics underrate the degree of hardships in the labor-market in many ways. The unemployment counts do not include the millions of fulltime employed workers with wages so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and frequent or long time unemployment often cause lack of ability to support oneself. Because the number of people facing unemployment at some time during the year is many times the number unemployed across the year, those who bear the brunt of forced joblessness can equal or surpass average annual unemployment, even though only a small number of the unemployed in any month actually suffer. For every person included in the monthly data, there is one working part-time because of his incapability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but looking for an employment. Finally, social welfare schemes in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, so that the unusual expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those not succeeding are effectively protected.As a result of such contradicting evidence, number of those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems is uncertain, and, hence, it is debatable if high levels of unemployment can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one unanimous agreement in this deliberation that the extant poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are not adequate for measuring the consequences of labor market problems, their primary applications.Q. Which of the following reflects the main idea of the passage?

In each question below is given a statement followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide which of the three given suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing.Statement:The exodus from villages to cities is detrimental to both.Courses of Action:l. Rural postings must be made mandatory.ll.There should be fewer trains linking cities to smaller places.lll.Employment generation scheme should be launched in rural areas.a)Only II followsb)Only I and II followc)Only III followsd)Only II and III followCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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