The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution were
(i)The Bolsheviks were totally opposed to private property Therefore most industries and banks were nationalised. 
(ii) Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
(iii) In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements.
(iv) They banned the use of old titles of the aristocracy.
(v) To assert the change, new uniforms were designed for the army and officials in 1918 in which the Soviet hat, the (budeonovka) was chosen.
(vi) The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik).
(vii) Russia became a one party state and trade unions were kept under party control.
(viii) For the first time the Bolsheviks introduced a centralised planning on the basis of which Five Year Plans were made for development of Russia.  

Introduction:
The October Revolution of 1917 led by the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, brought significant changes to Russia. The Bolsheviks aimed to establish a socialist society, and their policies and reforms had a profound impact on various aspects of Russian life.

Social and Political Changes:
- Abolition of the Provisional Government: The Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and established a new government based on the principles of the Soviet system.
- Establishment of a Socialist State: The Bolsheviks aimed to create a socialist state through the nationalization of industry and land, and the establishment of workers' control.
- Redistribution of Land: The Bolsheviks implemented a policy of land redistribution, taking land from large landowners and distributing it among peasants.
- Workers' Control: The Bolsheviks implemented policies that aimed to give workers control over factories and industrial production.
- Creation of the Red Army: The Bolsheviks established the Red Army, a new military force loyal to the Soviet government, to defend the revolution and consolidate their power.
- Women's Rights: The Bolsheviks introduced policies to improve women's rights, including the legalization of abortion, equal pay for equal work, and the introduction of maternity leave.

Economic Changes:
- Nationalization of Industry: The Bolsheviks nationalized major industries, banks, and natural resources, placing them under state control.
- Introduction of War Communism: During the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks implemented a policy of war communism, which included the centralization of economic decision-making, requisitioning of grain from peasants, and the introduction of strict state control over production and distribution.
- New Economic Policy: After the Civil War, the Bolsheviks introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP) to revive the economy. The NEP allowed limited free-market activities, private ownership of small businesses, and small-scale agriculture.

Educational and Cultural Changes:
- Literacy Campaigns: The Bolsheviks launched literacy campaigns to combat widespread illiteracy in Russia, promoting education for all.
- Secularization of Education: The Bolsheviks secularized education, separating it from religious influences and establishing state-controlled schools and universities.
- Promotion of Proletarian Culture: The Bolsheviks promoted proletarian culture, encouraging the production of literature, art, and theater that reflected the values and experiences of the working class.

Conclusion:
The Bolsheviks implemented a wide range of changes in Russia after the October Revolution. They aimed to create a socialist state, establish workers' control, nationalize industry, redistribute land, and promote equality. These changes had a profound impact on social, political, economic, and cultural aspects of Russian life, shaping the course of the country's history.