Mitochondria are tiny organelle inside cells that are involved in releasing energy from food. This process is known as cellular respiration .
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Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for releasing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process called cellular respiration.

- Mitochondria and Energy production:
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy. They are double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is highly folded, forming structures called cristae, which increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur.

- Cellular Respiration:
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. It consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.

- Glycolysis:
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. This process produces a small amount of ATP and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

- Citric Acid Cycle:
The pyruvate molecules produced during glycolysis enter the mitochondria, where they undergo the citric acid cycle. This cycle breaks down the pyruvate further, releasing carbon dioxide and producing NADH and FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide).

- Oxidative Phosphorylation:
The final stage of cellular respiration occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 from the previous stages donate electrons to the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes embedded in the membrane. As the electrons pass through the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons (H+) across the inner membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient drives ATP synthesis through a process called chemiosmosis.

- ATP Production:
The protons that accumulated in the intermembrane space flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase. As they pass through, ATP synthase uses their energy to convert ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation and is responsible for the majority of ATP production in cellular respiration.

In conclusion, mitochondria release energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration, which involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.