Accounting Equation:
The accounting equation is a fundamental concept in accounting that represents the relationship between a company's assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. It can be represented as follows:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

Explanation:
Let's break down the given transactions and analyze their impact on the accounting equation:

1. Borrowed 10,000 from Aman:
This transaction increases the company's assets (cash) by 10,000 and also increases its liabilities (loan payable) by the same amount. Therefore, the accounting equation becomes:

Assets (+10,000) = Liabilities (+10,000) + Owner's Equity

2. Received cash from customer 19,800 and allowed him a discount of 200:
This transaction increases the company's assets (cash) by 19,800. However, since a discount was given, it reduces the company's revenue by 200. Therefore, the accounting equation becomes:

Assets (+19,800) = Liabilities (+10,000) + Owner's Equity (-200)

Final Accounting Equation:
By combining the above transactions, the final accounting equation can be determined as follows:

Assets (+10,000 + 19,800) = Liabilities (+10,000) + Owner's Equity (-200)

Simplifying the equation, we have:

Assets = 29,800
Liabilities = 10,000
Owner's Equity = -200

In this scenario, the owner's equity is negative, which indicates that the company has incurred a loss. The assets represent the total resources owned by the company (cash in this case), and the liabilities represent the amount owed by the company (loan payable).

The accounting equation always needs to balance, meaning that the sum of the assets must be equal to the sum of liabilities and owner's equity. In this case, the equation balances as follows:

29,800 = 10,000 + (-200)

It is essential to maintain the balance of the accounting equation to ensure accurate financial reporting and analysis. Any changes in assets, liabilities, or owner's equity must be recorded correctly to maintain this balance.