Fossil fuels formed over a long period of time when heat and pressure were applied to Organisms buried in the ground....so B is correct

Formation of Fossil Fuels:

Fossil fuels are formed over a long period of time when heat and pressure are applied to organic material buried deep in the Earth's crust. The correct answer is option 'B', which states that fossil fuels are formed from organisms buried in the ground. Let's explore this process in detail.

Organic Material:
Fossil fuels are primarily made up of carbon-based compounds. The organic material that eventually becomes fossil fuels is mainly derived from ancient plants and microscopic organisms, such as algae and plankton, that lived millions of years ago.

Decomposition and Burial:
As these organisms die, their remains sink to the bottom of bodies of water, such as oceans or swamps. Over time, layers of sediment, like mud and sand, accumulate and cover these organic remains. This burial process protects the organic material from immediate decomposition.

Heat and Pressure:
As more and more layers of sediment accumulate over time, the weight of the upper layers compresses the lower layers. This compression, combined with the heat generated by the Earth's internal processes, subjects the buried organic material to high temperatures and pressures.

Chemical Transformation:
Under these extreme conditions, the organic material undergoes a process called diagenesis. During diagenesis, the complex organic molecules in the remains are broken down and transformed into simpler compounds, such as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the main components of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Formation of Specific Fossil Fuels:
- Coal: Coal is primarily formed from the remains of ancient plants that lived in swamps. Over time, the heat and pressure convert the plant material into coal through a process called coalification.
- Oil and Natural Gas: Oil and natural gas are primarily formed from the remains of microscopic marine organisms, such as algae and plankton. These organisms accumulate in large quantities in ancient oceans. Over time, the heat and pressure convert these organic remains into oil and natural gas through a process known as petroleum formation.

Conclusion:
In summary, fossil fuels are formed when organic material, mainly derived from ancient plants and microscopic organisms, is buried deep in the Earth's crust. Over millions of years, the heat and pressure applied to this buried material cause chemical transformations, resulting in the formation of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Option 'B', stating that fossil fuels are formed from organisms buried in the ground, accurately describes this process.