Spontaneous Magnetisation in Ferromagnetic Material

Ferromagnetic materials are the materials that exhibit spontaneous magnetisation. The property of ferromagnetism is due to the alignment of magnetic moments of atoms within the material. When a ferromagnetic material is magnetised, its magnetic domains align in the same direction, resulting in a strong magnetic field.

Factors Affecting Spontaneous Magnetisation

The spontaneous magnetisation of a ferromagnetic material depends on various factors, such as:

1. Temperature: As the temperature increases, the spontaneous magnetisation decreases, and the material becomes less magnetic.

2. Magnetic field: Applying an external magnetic field to a ferromagnetic material can increase its spontaneous magnetisation.

3. Crystal structure: The crystal structure of a ferromagnetic material determines its magnetic properties. For example, iron, cobalt, and nickel have a similar crystal structure and exhibit ferromagnetism.

Applications

Ferromagnetic materials have various applications in modern technology, such as:

1. Electromagnets: Ferromagnetic materials are used to make electromagnets that can produce strong magnetic fields.

2. Magnetic storage devices: Ferromagnetic materials are used in magnetic storage devices such as hard disk drives and magnetic tapes.

3. Transformers: Ferromagnetic materials are also used in transformers to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another.

Conclusion

Ferromagnetic materials exhibit spontaneous magnetisation due to the alignment of magnetic moments of atoms within the material. This property is utilised in various applications such as electromagnets, magnetic storage devices, and transformers.