Answer:

In India, the process of creating a new state is governed by Article 3 of the Constitution. According to Article 3, a new state can be created by a simple majority of Parliament. Let's understand this in detail:

Article 3 of the Constitution:
Article 3 of the Indian Constitution deals with the formation of new states and alteration of existing state boundaries. It grants the Parliament the power to make laws for the formation of new states or the alteration of existing state boundaries.

Process of creating a new state:
The process of creating a new state involves the following steps:

1. Proposal: The proposal to create a new state or alter existing state boundaries can be initiated by the Parliament. The proposal can be based on various factors such as administrative convenience, linguistic or cultural considerations, or regional aspirations.

2. Legislation: Once the proposal is made, a bill needs to be introduced in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha). The bill must be passed by a simple majority of the members present and voting in both Houses.

3. Presidential Assent: After the bill is passed by Parliament, it is sent to the President for his/her assent. The President has the power to either give assent to the bill or withhold it.

4. Implementation: Once the President gives his/her assent, the bill becomes an Act and the new state or altered state boundaries come into existence. The central government is responsible for the implementation of the Act and the necessary administrative arrangements.

Explanation of the correct option:
The correct option is 'a) By a simple majority of Parliament'. This means that a new state can be created by passing a bill in Parliament with a simple majority of the members present and voting. This provision allows the Parliament to have the final say in the creation of new states. The approval of the states or a two-thirds majority in Parliament is not required for the creation of a new state.

It is important to note that although a new state can be created by a simple majority of Parliament, the government usually takes into consideration the views and aspirations of the states and seeks their consent before initiating the process of creating a new state. This is done to ensure the smooth and peaceful creation of a new state and to address any concerns or objections raised by the states. However, the final decision rests with the Parliament.