The correct answer is option 'A': Matter waves.


The electron microscope is a powerful tool used in scientific research and imaging. It allows us to observe objects at the atomic and molecular level. Unlike light microscopes, which use light waves to form an image, electron microscopes use electron beams.

Electrons are particles that also exhibit wave-like properties, known as matter waves. This wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. The wavelength of matter waves is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle.


- Electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light waves.
- Electrons exhibit wave-like properties known as matter waves.
- Matter waves have a wavelength inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle.


The wave-like nature of electrons is crucial in electron microscopy. It allows electron microscopes to achieve much higher magnification and resolution compared to optical microscopes.

By manipulating the wavelength of the electron beam, electron microscopes can overcome the limitations imposed by the diffraction of light waves. The shorter wavelength of electrons enables the visualization of smaller details and structures.

The concept of matter waves is also utilized in electron diffraction techniques, such as electron crystallography. By passing the electron beam through a sample, the diffraction pattern produced can provide valuable information about the atomic arrangement and crystal structure.

In summary, electron microscopes make use of the wave-like properties of electrons, known as matter waves, to achieve high-resolution imaging and analysis at the atomic level. This makes electron microscopy an essential tool in various scientific disciplines, including materials science, biology, and nanotechnology.