Following compound when heated in ethanol, SN1 reaction occur involving rearrangement of carbocation.Q.In the major product, how many carbon atoms are present in the single largest ring?Correct answer is '6'. Can you explain this answer?

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Following compound when heated in ethanol, S_N1 reaction occur involving rearrangement of carbocation.

In the major product, how many carbon atoms are present in the single largest ring?

Correct answer is '6'. Can you explain this answer?

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Reductive alkylation is the term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by means of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent. The present discussion is limited to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or "nascent" hydrogen, usually from a metalacid combination; most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and a catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent is formic acid or one of its derivatives; this modification is known as the Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consists in the addition of ammonia to a carbonyl compound and reduction of the addition compound or its dehydration product. The reaction usually is carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be effected catalytically:Since the primary amine is formed in the presence of the aldehyde it may react in the same way as ammonia, yielding an additional compound, a Schiff's base (RCH= NCH2R) and finally, a secondary amine. Similarly, the primary amine may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine Finally, the secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary amines.Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone.Q. The reaction of ammonia and its derivatives with aldehydes is called

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reaction of haloalkane can be conducted according to both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. However, which mechanism it is based on is related to such factors as the structure of haloalkane, and properties of leaving group, nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Influences of halogen: No matter which mechanism the nucleophilic substitution reaction is based on, the leaving group always leave the central carbon atom with electron pair. This is just the opposite of the situation that nucleophilic reagent attacks the central carbon atom with electron pair. Therefore, the weaker the alkalinity of leaving group is , the more stable the anion formed is and it will be more easier for the leaving group to leave the central carbon atom; that is to say, the reactant is more easier to be substituted. The alkalinity order of halogen ion is I− < Br− < Cl− < F− and the order of their leaving tendency should be I− > Br− > Cl− > F−. Therefore, in four halides with the same alkyl and different halogens, the order of substitution reaction rate is RI > RBr > RCl > RF. In addition, if the leaving group is very easy to leave, many carbocation intermediates are generated in the reaction and the reaction is based on SN1 mechanism. If the leaving group is not easy to leave, the reaction is based on SN2 mechanism. Influences of solvent polarity: In SN1 reaction, the polarity of the system increases from the reactant to the transition state, because polar solvent has a greater stabilizing effect on the transition state than the reactant, thereby reduce activation energy and accelerate the reaction. In SN2 reaction, the polarity of the system generally does not change from the reactant to the transition state and only charge dispersion occurs. At this time, polar solvent has a great stabilizing effect on Nu than the transition state, thereby increasing activation energy and slow down the reaction rate. For example, the decomposition rate (SN1) of tertiary chlorobutane in 25° water (dielectric constant 79) is 300000 times faster than in ethanol (dielectric constant 24). The reaction rate (SN2) of 2-bromopropane and NaOH in ethanol containing 40% water is twice slower than in absolute ethanol. In a word, the level of solvent polarity has influence on both SN1 and SN2 reactions, but with different results. Generally speaking, weak polar solvent is favorable for SN2 reaction, while strong polar solvent is favorable for SN1 reaction, because only under the action of polar solvent can halogenated hydrocarbon dissociate into carbocation and halogen ion and solvents with a strong polarity is favorable for solvation of carbocation, increasing its stability. Generally speaking, the substitution reaction of tertiary haloalkane is based on SN1 mechanism in solvents with a strong polarity (for example, ethanol containing water).Q. Polar solvents make the reaction faster as they

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Alcohols are versatile compounds. They act both as nucleophiles and electrophiles. The bond between O-H is broken when alcohols act as nucleophiles.(i) Alcohols as nucleophiles(ii) The bond between C-O is broken when they act as, electrophiles. Protonated alcohols react in this manner.Protonated alcohols as electrophilesR-CH2-OH+H→R-CH2+OH2Based on the cleavage of O-H and C-O bonds, the reaction of alcohols and phenols may be divided into two groups :(

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Passage IIWhen compound 1 is heated with C2H5ONa compound 2 and 3 are formed:Two mechanisms were proposed for reaction I.Mechanism A HBr is eliminated from compound 1 to form a symmetrical vinyl carbene intermediate A, which then rearranges to compound 2.Mechanism B Ethoxide ion first abstract a proton to form a carbanion intermediate B which then rearranges with loss of bromide ion to form compound 2To distinguish between the two machanisms, an isotopic labeling experiment was designed. Two compounds (Compound 4 and 5) were labelled with C-14 and each was treated separately with sodium ethoxide under identical experimental condition where following results were obtained.Q.In reaction scheme 1, had the α-C to bromine be labelled with C-14

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Alcohols are versatile compounds. They act both as nucleophiles and electrophiles. The bond between O-H is broken when alcohols act as nucleophiles.(i) Alcohols as nucleophiles(ii) The bond between C-O is broken when they act as, electrophiles. Protonated alcohols react in this manner.Protonated alcohols as electrophilesR-CH2-OH+H→R-CH2+OH2Based on the cleavage of O-H and C-O bonds, the reaction of alcohols and phenols may be divided into two groups :(

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Following compound when heated in ethanol, SN1 reaction occur involving rearrangement of carbocation.Q.In the major product, how many carbon atoms are present in the single largest ring?Correct answer is '6'. Can you explain this answer?

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