Surface Excavation

When the width is 10 sq.m in plan area and excavation exceeding 1.5 m with a depth not exceeding 30 cm, it is termed as surface excavation.

Explanation:
Surface excavation refers to the removal of soil or rock from the surface of the ground to a specified depth. It is a common activity in construction projects, particularly in the early stages of site preparation. Surface excavation is necessary to create space for foundations, underground utilities, and other structures.

Key Points:
- Width: The width of the surface excavation is 10 sq.m in plan area. This means that the area of the excavation in plan view is 10 sq.m.
- Excavation exceeding 1.5 m: The depth of the excavation exceeds 1.5 m. This means that the depth of the excavation is more than 1.5 m.
- Depth not exceeding 30 cm: However, the depth of the excavation does not exceed 30 cm. This means that the depth of the excavation is less than or equal to 30 cm.

Significance of Surface Excavation:
Surface excavation is primarily done to remove loose or unwanted material from the ground surface. It helps to create a level and stable base for construction activities. The removed material can be used as fill elsewhere on the site or disposed of off-site.

Difference from Other Terms:
- Cutting: Cutting refers to the excavation of soil or rock below the existing ground surface to create a level base for construction. It is usually done to create slopes, embankments, or trenches.
- Dressing: Dressing refers to the leveling, smoothing, or shaping of the excavated surface to the desired profile. It is often done to prepare the surface for construction or to improve its appearance.
- Excavation: Excavation is a general term that encompasses all types of digging or removal of material from the ground. It can include surface excavation, cutting, or any other form of excavation.

Conclusion:
In summary, when the width is 10 sq.m in plan area and excavation exceeds 1.5 m with a depth not exceeding 30 cm, it is termed as surface excavation. This term is used to describe the specific type of excavation that meets these criteria. Surface excavation is an important process in construction projects and is carried out to create a suitable base for further construction activities.

B