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Why only copper has positive standard electrode potential other all being negative in 3d series elements?
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Why only copper has positive standard electrode potential other all be...
Explanation: Why only copper has a positive standard electrode potential in 3d series elements?


The standard electrode potential (E°) of an element is the tendency of an atom to gain or lose electrons in a reaction. In the 3d series elements, copper is the only element that has a positive standard electrode potential, whereas all other elements have negative values. This is due to the following reasons:


  • Electronic Configuration: Copper has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d10 4s1, whereas all other elements in the 3d series have electronic configurations of [Ar] 3d1-9 4s2. The presence of a filled d-orbital in copper makes it more stable, and it requires less energy to remove an electron from the 4s orbital, resulting in a more positive standard electrode potential.

  • Effective Nuclear Charge: The effective nuclear charge increases from left to right in the 3d series. As a result, the attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons increases. This makes it more difficult to remove an electron from the atom, resulting in a negative standard electrode potential.

  • Ionization Energy: The ionization energy of copper is lower than that of other elements in the 3d series. This is because the energy required to remove an electron from the 4s orbital is lower due to the presence of a filled d-orbital. This results in a more positive standard electrode potential.


Therefore, the unique electronic configuration of copper, along with its low ionization energy and effective nuclear charge, results in a positive standard electrode potential, which is not observed in other elements in the 3d series.
Community Answer
Why only copper has positive standard electrode potential other all be...
See....copper has lower tendency than hydrogen to form ions,so if the standard hydrogen electrode is connected to the copper half cell,the copper will be relatively less negative. The copper electrode has relatively lower number of electrons. so..it has positive electrode potential.
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Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Tribo-electric series: The tribo-electric series is a list that ranks materials according to their tendency to gain or lose electrons. The process of electron transfer as a result of two objects coming into contact with one another and then separating is called tribo-electric charging. During such an interaction, one of the two objects will always gain electrons (becoming negatively charge d) and the other object will lose electrons (becoming positively charged). The relative position of the two objects on the tribo-electric series will define which object gains electrons and which object loses electrons.In tribo-electric series, materials are ranked from high to low in terms of the tendency for the material to lose electrons. If an object high up on this list (Glass, for exampl e) is rubbed with an object low down on the list (Teflon, for example), the glass will lose electrons to the teflon. The glass will, in this case, become positively charged and the teflon will become negatively charged. Materials in the middle of the list (steel and wood, for example) are items those do not have a strong tendency to give up or accept electrons.If human hair is rubbed with amber, how those will be charged?

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:Tribo-electric series: The tribo-electric series is a list that ranks materials according to their tendency to gain or lose electrons. The process of electron transfer as a result of two objects coming into contact with one another and then separating is called tribo-electric charging. During such an interaction, one of the two objects will always gain electrons (becoming negatively charge d) and the other object will lose electrons (becoming positively charged). The relative position of the two objects on the tribo-electric series will define which object gains electrons and which object loses electrons.In tribo-electric series, materials are ranked from high to low in terms of the tendency for the material to lose electrons. If an object high up on this list (Glass, for exampl e) is rubbed with an object low down on the list (Teflon, for example), the glass will lose electrons to the teflon. The glass will, in this case, become positively charged and the teflon will become negatively charged. Materials in the middle of the list (steel and wood, for example) are items those do not have a strong tendency to give up or accept electrons.Materials in the upper position has _____ tendency to become positively charged.

Why only copper has positive standard electrode potential other all being negative in 3d series elements?
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