The correct statement(s) about transition elements is/are-a)The most stable oxidation state is +3 and its stability decreases across the periodb)Transition elements of 3d- series have almost same atomic sizes from Cr to Cuc)The stability of +2 oxidation state increases across the period.d)Some transition elements like Ni, Fe, Cr may show zero oxidation state in some of their compoundsCorrect answer is option 'A,B,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Answer

Transition elements are those elements which have partially filled d-orbitals in their valence shells. They are also known as d-block elements. Some of the correct statements about transition elements are:

1. The most stable oxidation state is 3 and its stability decreases across the period:
The most stable oxidation state of transition elements is usually equal to the number of electrons they need to gain or lose to achieve a noble gas configuration. For example, the most stable oxidation state of iron is +3, which corresponds to the loss of three electrons to achieve the noble gas configuration of argon. However, the stability of the oxidation state decreases across the period due to the increasing effective nuclear charge, which makes it more difficult to remove electrons.

2. Transition elements of 3d-series have almost the same atomic sizes from Cr to Cu:
The atomic size of an element is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons. In general, atomic size decreases across a period and increases down a group. However, the transition elements of 3d-series have almost the same atomic sizes from chromium to copper due to the presence of the stable half-filled or completely filled d-orbitals, which shield the outermost electrons from the increasing nuclear charge.

3. The stability of the 2 oxidation state increases across the period:
The stability of the 2 oxidation state of transition elements increases across the period due to the increasing effective nuclear charge, which makes it easier to attract electrons and form a more stable 2- ion. For example, the 2 oxidation state of titanium is more stable than the 3 oxidation state due to the smaller size of the Ti4+ ion and the greater attraction it has for electrons.

4. Some transition elements like Ni, Fe, Cr may show zero oxidation state in some of their compounds:
Transition elements can exhibit a variety of oxidation states, ranging from -3 to +8. Some transition elements like nickel, iron, and chromium can show a zero oxidation state in some of their compounds due to the presence of a filled or half-filled d-orbital, which makes it energetically favorable for them to lose or gain electrons to achieve a more stable configuration.

In summary, transition elements have unique properties due to the partially filled d-orbitals in their valence shells. They exhibit a wide range of oxidation states, and their properties vary across the period and down the group.

Answer

C, d are correct

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