Introduction:
After 1970, two countries that faced disintegration are Yugoslavia and Sudan. These disintegrations were driven by various factors such as political instability, ethnic tensions, economic disparities, and secessionist movements.

Disintegration of Yugoslavia:
Yugoslavia, a socialist federal republic in Southeast Europe, disintegrated in the 1990s due to a series of complex factors:

1. Ethnic tensions:
- Yugoslavia consisted of six republics with diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Montenegrins.
- Rising ethnic tensions and nationalist aspirations led to the disintegration of the country.
- The Serbian leadership under Slobodan Milosevic sought to create a Greater Serbia, leading to conflicts with other republics.

2. Political instability:
- The death of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito in 1980 weakened the central authority, resulting in political instability.
- Political leaders from different republics had conflicting visions for the future of Yugoslavia, leading to a power struggle.

3. Economic disparities:
- Yugoslavia faced economic challenges, with some regions more developed than others.
- Economic disparities between the republics fueled grievances and contributed to the disintegration.

4. Secessionist movements:
- As ethnic tensions escalated, secessionist movements emerged.
- Croatia and Slovenia declared independence in 1991, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992.
- These declarations led to violent conflicts and eventually the breakup of Yugoslavia.

Disintegration of Sudan:
Sudan, the largest country in Africa, faced disintegration after a long history of internal conflicts:

1. Ethnic and religious divisions:
- Sudan is divided along ethnic and religious lines, with Arab-Muslim majority in the north and various African ethnic groups in the south.
- These divisions have fueled conflicts and demands for greater autonomy.

2. Civil war and secession:
- Sudan experienced two civil wars, the first from 1955-1972 and the second from 1983-2005, between the north and south.
- The Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 granted the south autonomy and the option to vote for independence.
- In 2011, South Sudan seceded from Sudan, becoming an independent nation.

3. Economic disparities:
- Sudan faced economic challenges, with the majority of resources concentrated in the north.
- This economic disparity contributed to grievances and demands for secession.

4. Darfur conflict:
- The ongoing conflict in Darfur, a region in western Sudan, has further destabilized the country.
- The conflict erupted in 2003, driven by ethnic and economic factors, resulting in widespread violence and displacement.

Conclusion:
The disintegration of Yugoslavia and Sudan after 1970 can be attributed to a combination of ethnic tensions, political instability, economic disparities, and secessionist movements. These factors highlight the importance of addressing grievances, promoting inclusivity, and fostering peaceful resolutions to prevent further disintegration of nations.

Bangladesh and Pakistan was disintegrated in 1971.