Incorrect statements regarding active transport:

b) Transport is across the concentration gradient
d) It is an exergonic process

Active transport is an essential cellular process that allows the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient. It requires the input of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to drive the transport process. Here is an explanation for why options B and D are incorrect:

b) Transport is across the concentration gradient:

This statement is incorrect because active transport involves the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient. In other words, it moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This is in contrast to passive transport, such as diffusion or facilitated diffusion, where molecules move down their concentration gradient from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

d) It is an exergonic process:

This statement is incorrect because active transport is an endergonic process. Endergonic processes require an input of energy to proceed, while exergonic processes release energy. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that is used to drive the transport process.

Key Points:

- Active transport involves the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient.
- It requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.
- ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy.
- Active transport is an endergonic process, not an exergonic process.

In summary, active transport is a cellular process that moves molecules or ions against their concentration gradient, requiring an input of energy in the form of ATP. It is an endergonic process that is essential for various physiological functions in cells.