Proving the Outer Zone of Candle Flame is the Hottest

1. Understanding Candle Flame Structure
- A candle flame consists of three main zones: the inner core, the middle zone, and the outer zone.
- The outer zone is the hottest part of the flame due to complete combustion of hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen.

2. Color and Temperature Variation
- The outer zone of the flame appears blue in color, indicating a high temperature.
- Blue flames are typically hotter than yellow or orange flames, which are seen in the inner core and middle zones of the flame.

3. Chemical Reactions
- In the outer zone, oxygen from the air reacts with hydrocarbons in the candle wax.
- This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat energy, leading to higher temperatures in the outer zone.

4. Heat Transfer
- The heat generated in the outer zone of the flame is transferred to the surrounding environment through radiation and convection.
- This heat transfer process further proves the high temperature of the outer zone compared to the inner core and middle zones.

5. Experimental Evidence
- One way to prove the outer zone is the hottest is by using a thermometer.
- By placing a thermometer at different points within the flame, it will show a higher temperature reading in the outer zone compared to the other zones.
By understanding the structure of a candle flame, observing color and temperature variations, analyzing chemical reactions, considering heat transfer mechanisms, and conducting experiments, it can be proven that the outer zone of a candle flame is indeed the hottest.