Pile driven in deep clay deposits transfers its loads by both end bearing and frictional resistance.

Explanation:

Piles are structural members that are used to transfer loads from the superstructure to a stronger layer of soil or rock below. When piles are driven into deep clay deposits, they encounter different types of soil layers such as cohesive soils like clay and non-cohesive soils like sand.

End Bearing:
- When a pile is driven into deep clay deposits, it may encounter a stronger layer of soil or rock beneath the clay.
- In such cases, the pile can transfer a significant portion of the load to this underlying layer through end bearing.
- The pile acts like a column and the load is transferred from the pile to the underlying soil or rock through the tip of the pile.

Frictional Resistance:
- In addition to end bearing, piles also transfer loads through frictional resistance.
- In deep clay deposits, the sides of the pile come into contact with the surrounding soil.
- The frictional resistance between the pile and the soil helps in transferring the load from the pile to the soil.
- The clay deposits have cohesive properties, and the adhesion between the clay and the pile surface contributes to this frictional resistance.
- As the pile is driven deeper into the clay deposits, more surface area of the pile comes into contact with the soil, thereby increasing the frictional resistance.

Combination of End Bearing and Frictional Resistance:
- The load transfer mechanism in deep clay deposits is a combination of end bearing and frictional resistance.
- The load is primarily transferred through end bearing when the pile reaches a stronger underlying layer.
- However, even in the absence of a strong underlying layer, the frictional resistance between the pile and the surrounding clay deposits helps in transferring the load to a certain extent.
- Therefore, both end bearing and frictional resistance play a role in load transfer when piles are driven in deep clay deposits.

In conclusion, piles driven in deep clay deposits transfer their loads through a combination of end bearing and frictional resistance. The load primarily transfers through end bearing when the pile reaches a stronger underlying layer, but even in the absence of such a layer, the frictional resistance between the pile and the surrounding clay deposits helps in load transfer.