India signed an MoU with China under the International Cooperation on Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers.

China is the correct answer as India has signed an MoU with China under the International Cooperation on Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers. This MoU signifies the cooperation between the two countries in sharing hydrological data for the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers. Let's understand the details of this MoU and the significance of the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers.

MoU on International Cooperation on Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers:
- The MoU was signed between India and China in October 2013.
- It is aimed at strengthening the cooperation between the two countries in the field of water resources management and flood forecasting.
- The main focus of the MoU is on the sharing of hydrological data for the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers.
- Under this agreement, China provides India with hydrological data on the water levels, discharge, and rainfall of the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers during the flood season (June 1 to October 15) on a daily basis.
- This data helps India in flood forecasting and managing water resources effectively.
- The MoU also facilitates the exchange of information and visits between the two countries' experts in the field of water resources management.

Importance of the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers:
- The Brahmaputra river is one of the major rivers in Asia, originating in Tibet and flowing through India and Bangladesh.
- It is an important river for India as it provides water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and supports the livelihoods of millions of people in the northeastern region of the country.
- The Satluj river is also a significant river in India, originating in Tibet and flowing through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
- It is a major tributary of the Indus river and plays a crucial role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation in India.

Significance of the MoU:
- The MoU between India and China on the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers is significant as it promotes cooperation and information sharing between the two countries, which helps in better water resources management and flood forecasting.
- It enhances the understanding of the hydrological patterns and behavior of the rivers, which is crucial for managing water resources effectively.
- The exchange of hydrological data enables India to monitor the water levels and discharge of the rivers, which is essential for flood forecasting and taking timely measures to mitigate the impact of floods.
- The MoU also strengthens the bilateral ties between India and China in the field of water resources management and fosters mutual trust and cooperation.

In conclusion, India has signed an MoU with China under the International Cooperation on Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers. This MoU facilitates the sharing of hydrological data for the Brahmaputra and Satluj rivers, which is crucial for water resources management and flood forecasting in India.