Properties of Cancerous Cells:

a) Autocrine growth stimulation:
One of the properties of cancerous cells is autocrine growth stimulation. Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell secretes signaling molecules that bind to receptors on its own surface, leading to the activation of cell growth and proliferation pathways. In cancer cells, this autocrine stimulation can result from the production and release of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which then bind to receptors on the same cancerous cell, promoting uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth.

b) Less E-cadherin expression:
Another property of cancerous cells is the reduced expression of E-cadherin. E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and cohesion of normal tissues. It is responsible for the binding of adjacent cells together, forming tight junctions and preventing cell migration. In cancer cells, the expression of E-cadherin is often downregulated, leading to a loss of cell adhesion and increased cell motility. This reduction in E-cadherin expression allows cancer cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade surrounding tissues, contributing to the metastatic spread of cancer.

c) Reduced expression of telomerase:
Contrary to the options provided, a reduction in the expression of telomerase is not a property of cancerous cells but rather a characteristic of normal cells. Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the length of telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. In normal cells, telomerase activity is low, resulting in gradual telomere shortening with each cell division. However, in most cancer cells, telomerase activity is upregulated, allowing the cells to maintain their telomere length and achieve immortality by avoiding cell senescence or apoptosis.

d) Ten-fold increase in apoptosis:
The given option stating a ten-fold increase in apoptosis is not a property of cancerous cells. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a natural process that occurs in healthy cells to maintain tissue homeostasis and eliminate damaged or unwanted cells. However, cancer cells often acquire mechanisms to evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive and proliferate uncontrollably. This evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy.

In summary, the properties of cancerous cells include autocrine growth stimulation and reduced expression of E-cadherin, enabling uncontrolled cell growth and invasion. However, reduced expression of telomerase and a ten-fold increase in apoptosis are not properties of cancerous cells.