Matter In Our Surroundings - Class 9 Science

Introduction:
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter can be classified into three states - solid, liquid, and gas. In this lesson, we will learn about the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Properties of Matter:
The properties of matter can be classified into two types - physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties include color, odor, texture, density, boiling point, melting point, and solubility. Chemical properties include the ability to react with other substances and form new compounds.

States of Matter:
Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The state of matter depends on the temperature and pressure. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of the container, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.

Change of State:
Matter can change its state from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas by adding or removing heat. This process is called melting or boiling, respectively. The reverse process, in which a gas changes to a liquid or a liquid changes to a solid, is called condensation or freezing, respectively.

Evaporation and Sublimation:
Evaporation is the process in which a liquid changes to a gas at its surface. Sublimation is the process in which a solid changes to a gas without passing through the liquid state.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, matter is present all around us, and it exists in different states. The properties of matter help us identify and differentiate between different substances. Understanding the changes that matter undergoes is essential in various fields of science and technology.

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